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Abstract

Pedicle screw instrumentation is a typical surgery mechanism used in the treatment of a pathological condition known as spondylolisthesis that is the anterior or posterior positioning of a vertebral body in relation to its neighbouring part. The significance of vertebral reduction before fixation is a highly debatable issue. The review is a synthesis of existing evidence on the use of pedicle screw fixation that is done with or without anatomical reduction. In situ fixation is known to be a reliable method of stability of the segment, arthrodesis and reduction of pain of the axial and radicular regions. On the other hand, reduction methods prove to be better in restoring sagittal alignment and foraminal height but with a high cost in terms of operative time, neurological injury risk, and revision rates. Although there are radiographic benefits, the decrease has not always been the outcome of better functional and patient-reported outcomes. It is therefore important to carefully select patients. Randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up should be performed with better quality to answer the question whether anatomical correction gives it a functional advantage in the long run.