DefinePK

Abstract

This quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted in family medicine clinics across Punjab, Pakistan, to evaluate the impact of lifestyle medicine in addressing obesity and cardiovascular disease. A total of 250 adult patients with obesity and/or cardiovascular risk factors were enrolled and underwent structured lifestyle interventions, including dietary counseling, physical activity prescriptions, and behavioral modification strategies. Results demonstrated significant reductions in mean body weight (–7.3 kg), BMI (–2.6 kg/m²), and waist circumference (–6.7 cm), alongside improvements in cardiovascular risk markers, with systolic blood pressure reduced by 10.5 mmHg, LDL cholesterol lowered by 18.1 mg/dL, and fasting glucose decreased by 10.4 mg/dL (p<0.001). Analysis further revealed that patients who received intensive counseling from family physicians (≥3 sessions) achieved higher adherence to lifestyle changes, with markedly better outcomes in weight reduction, blood pressure control, and smoking cessation compared to those with minimal counseling. The discussion highlighted that these findings are consistent with international literature and confirm that family medicine provides an effective platform for sustainable lifestyle interventions. The study concludes that lifestyle medicine, when integrated into family practice, is both feasible and effective in reducing obesity and cardiovascular risk, with future implications for physician training, national policy development, and scaling preventive care in Pakistan.