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Abstract

Background: Surgical site infections are a major source of morbidity following cesarean deliveries, increasing hospital stays, healthcare costs, and maternal discomfort. Identifying patient-related and clinical risk factors is crucial for early intervention and prevention, particularly in regions with limited healthcare resources. Objective: To determine the risk factors of surgical site infections in patients undergoing cesarean sections in Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Duration and Place of Study: The research was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from July 2024 to December 2024. Methodology: A total of 177 women aged 18–40 years who developed surgical site infections after cesarean section were included. Sampling was performed using a non-probability consecutive technique. Risk factors assessed included prolonged rupture of membranes (>20 hours), preeclampsia, and meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 25, with associations tested using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test at a 5% significance threshold. Results: Prolonged rupture of membranes was observed in 26.0% of cases, preeclampsia in 19.2%, and meconium-stained liquor in 5.6%. Hypertension showed a strong association with preeclampsia (p<0.001), while no significant associations were found for other demographic or clinical factors. Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders, particularly preeclampsia, remain key contributors to surgical site infections in cesarean sections, underscoring the need for vigilant monitoring and targeted preventive strategies.