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Abstract

Induction of labor in term primary gravidas with a poor Bishop Score remains a clinical challenge, requiring effective cervical ripening strategies to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes. A variety of mechanical and pharmacological methods were employed, each with distinct mechanisms, benefits, and limitations. To evaluate and compare the effectiveness, safety, and clinical outcomes of mechanical versus pharmacological cervical ripening methods, and to explore how a multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach can enhance labor management in nulliparous women with unfavorable cervices. A prospective cohort study was conducted at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital the key outcomes assessed include rate of vaginal delivery, uterine hyperstimulation, cesarean section rates, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness. Pharmacological agents, especially misoprostol, demonstrate faster cervical ripening and shorter induction-to-delivery intervals but were associated with higher rates of uterine hyperstimulation. Mechanical methods, particularly the Foley catheter, offer a safer profile with fewer complications, especially in women with prior uterine surgery, though they may be slower in action. The overall cesarean rates were comparable between the two methods. A combination of both methods often yields improved results. Both mechanical and pharmacological methods were effective for cervical ripening in term nulliparous women with a poor Bishop Score. The selection should be individualized, taking into account maternal history, institutional protocols, and resource availability. A multidisciplinary approach guided by evidence-based protocols can significantly enhance the safety, efficiency, and satisfaction associated with labor induction.