DefinePK

Abstract

The growing concern over microbial contamination, especially in healthcare, hygiene, and personal protective equipment (PPE), has driven significant interest in the development of advanced antimicrobial textiles. This study explores the fabrication, characterization, and performance of textiles coated with silver@copper (Ag@Cu) core–shell nanoparticles as a novel and efficient antipathogenic solution. The Ag@Cu core–shell structure leverages the high antimicrobial efficacy of silver and the cost-effectiveness and redox activity of copper, offering a synergistic approach that enhances performance while maintaining economic feasibility. Ag@Cu nanoparticles were synthesized using a controlled chemical reduction process that ensures the formation of a stable copper core enveloped by a thin silver shell. These nanoparticles were subsequently deposited onto textile substrates via dip-coating followed by thermal curing, resulting in uniform distribution and strong adhesion to the fabric fibers. Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence and integrity of the core–shell structure on the textile surface. The antimicrobial properties of the coated fabrics were evaluated against common and clinically relevant pathogens including Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Results demonstrated over 99% microbial reduction, confirming the potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of the Ag@Cu-coated textiles. Furthermore, wash durability tests showed minimal loss of effectiveness even after multiple laundering cycles, highlighting the strong binding of the nanoparticles and the long-term usability of the fabric. This work demonstrates the promising potential of Ag@Cu core–shell nanoparticle coatings in the development of next-generation antimicrobial textiles. Such materials can play a critical role in preventing infections in healthcare settings, improving hygiene in everyday wear, and enhancing the protective capabilities of PPE. Future studies should further explore scalability, environmental safety, and cytocompatibility for practical deployment.
Keywords
Core shell NPs, Cu@Silver, Antibacterial, Antifungal