DefinePK

Abstract

This research analyzes the phytochemicals in Fagonia arabica leaves, revealing a strong presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, and tannins. The methanolic fraction, rich in gallic acid and rutin equivalencies, exhibited exceptional antioxidant activity, validated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and phosphomolybdate assays. Employing FTIR and GCMS spectra, we objectively assessed the diverse chemical constituents, emphasizing the credibility of this method in identifying mix-substance systems in traditional and herbal medicine. To further understand the therapeutic potential, MCF-7 cells were treated and cytotoxicity assays (MTT and acid phosphatase assay) were conducted to get IC50 values that further confirmed the anticancer properties of Fagonia arabica. Real-time PCR analysis targeted Caspases and Wnt/ β-catenin genes, revealing statistically significant (***p<0.001) results with upregulated caspases and downregulated Wnt signaling genes. The findings highlight Fagonia arabica extract as a highly effective therapeutic strategy against breast cancer cells, strategically modulating Wnt/ β-catenin genes without causing significant damage to normal cells. This study shows potential in identifying novel bioactive chemicals in these medicinal plants, which will help us better grasp their therapeutic potential.