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Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of science fiction within Urdu literature, charting its historical development, examining its contemporary challenges, and exploring its future possibilities. The study traces the genre's lineage from proto-science fiction elements found in classical epics like Tilism-e-Hoshruba to its formal emergence in the 20th century. A significant portion of the analysis is dedicated to the pioneering work of Ibn-e-Safi, who skillfully fused science fiction with the popular detective genre, creating a unique "Spy-fi" niche that introduced concepts of robotics, advanced technology, and clandestine scientific organizations to a wide readership. The narrative also acknowledges the foundational contributions of subsequent authors like Izhar Asar, who wrote prolifically within the genre, and the literary validation it received from esteemed figures such as Ashfaq Ahmed.Despite these contributions, the article argues that science fiction remains a marginalized genre in Urdu. It identifies several critical deterrents: a societal deficit in scientific temperament, the historical dominance of traditional literary forms like poetry and social realism, and a rigid critical environment that often prioritizes established Western theoretical frameworks over genre experimentation, thereby discouraging creative innovation. However, the contemporary landscape offers signs of promise, particularly in children's literature, where authors like Tasneem Jafri are effectively using the genre to cultivate scientific curiosity. Conclusively, the paper posits that the 21st century presents immense opportunities for the genre's growth. Urgent contemporary themes such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, digital surveillance, and climate change provide fertile ground for new narratives. Furthermore, modern forms like micro-fiction offer a potent vehicle for conveying complex ideas effectively. The article concludes by affirming the vital social function of science fiction as an "early warning system" that critically reflects on present trends to help envision and navigate the future.