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Abstract

Objective: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a significant health concern globally, particularly inindividuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to evaluate the frequency and severity ofNAFLD among diabetic and non-diabetic populations using ultrasound imaging, focusing on its implications inPakistan.Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Ibn-e-Siena Hospital &Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan from 17th September 2018 to 16th March 2019.Methods: A total of 324 participants were enrolled, including 162 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetesmellitus and 162 age- and gender-matched non-diabetic controls. The study included male and female patientsaged 30-60 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and on oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin for at least oneyear. Patients with suspected autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis, chronic liver disease, excessive alcoholconsumption, or those unwilling to participate were excluded. Abdominal ultrasonography was employed toassess liver echogenicity and grade hepatic steatosis. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version26.0. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test, while continuous variables were assessedusing the independent t-test. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The frequency of NAFLD was significantly higher in the diabetic group (76%) compared to nondiabetics(48%) (P < 0.001). Moreover, moderate to severe NAFLD was more frequent in diabetics (54%) than innon-diabetics (20%). NAFLD severity showed a significant correlation with increasing age (≥50 years), obesity(BMI ≥30 kg/m²), and poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%).Conclusion: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is more prevalent and severe in type 2 diabeticscompared to non-diabetics, as assessed through ultrasound imaging anatomy.
How to cite this: Iqbal MZ, Irfan A, Ejaz M, Gardazi A, HBS Syed, Ali A. Evaluating Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Individuals with and without Type 2 Diabetes Comparative Cross-Sectional Study using Ultrasound Imaging. Life and Science. 2025; 6(3): 344-349. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.772