DefinePK

Abstract

The success of immunization programs is essential to public health, particularly in combating infectious diseases globally. However, these programs often face significant challenges due to various risks, including cultural and religious barriers, misinformation, and human error. This research aims to investigate the role of risk awareness and risk management in the success of immunization programs, with a focus on the moderating effect of training program effectiveness. The study was conducted among healthcare workers in District Karak, involved in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), with a sample size of 338 participants. The study employed a field-based approach with data collected through self-administered questionnaires, focusing on key variables such as risk awareness, risk management, training effectiveness, and the success of immunization efforts. The results show a strong correlation between risk awareness, risk management, and the success of immunization programs, with risk management acting as a mediator and training effectiveness strengthening the relationship between risk awareness and risk management. Statistical analysis, including multiple regression and mediation analysis, confirms the significant impact of these variables on the success of immunization programs. The study highlights the importance of increasing risk awareness among healthcare professionals, improving risk management practices, and enhancing training programs to ensure the success of immunization campaigns, particularly in regions facing high levels of vaccine hesitancy. These findings provide valuable insights for healthcare policymakers and practitioners in developing strategies to improve immunization program outcomes globally.