DefinePK

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease, more common among old people, represents a significant burden in low and middle-income countries like Pakistan, where surgical interventions and quality healthcare access are limited.  Therefore, the study aims to determine the prevalence of cardiothoracic surgery along with associated and predictive factors. Method: The study was conducted at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC), Lahore, Pakistan. It employs a cross-sectional study design. A sample of 300 elderly individuals was recruited to collect data through a structured, closed-ended questionnaire in July 2025, using a consecutive sampling technique with different sections. Chi-square and binary regression analysis were used to assess the predictors of cardiothoracic surgery and improved quality of life. Results The study results revealed that a major percentage (77%) of the older population had cardiovascular diseases. Further, Chi-square and binary regression analysis revealed that both financial difficulty (AOR:25.85) and heart failure (AOR: 2.327) emerged as strong predictors. For QOL, diabetes, lung disease history, and hypertension show significant association in chi-square, which further confirms them as strong predictors in binary regression analysis, with hypertension having an AOR of 2.156, diabetes having an AOR of 2.329, and lung disease having an AOR of 2.333 at a 95 percent confidence interval.
Conclusion Clinical severity and socioeconomic vulnerability were both regarded as important factors influencing surgical access and postoperative quality of care. Additionally, comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, and lung diseases were found to negatively impact the quality of life. Integrated financial support mechanisms and preoperative surgical management interventions are required for improved impact of surgical intervention techniques.