DefinePK

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to inadequate insulin production or utilization. Complications such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are of significant concern due to their severe consequences, including infections and amputations. The global prevalence of diabetes, particularly Type 2, is rising, with developing countries like Pakistan experiencing a notable increase. Effective management and prevention of DFUs involve regular foot care practices, early detection, and patient education. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge regarding diabetic foot care among diabetic patients in Peshawar to highlight the need for improved educational programs and healthcare practices. Methodology: This quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study assessed diabetic foot care knowledge among patients at three tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar: Khyber Teaching Hospital, Hayatabad Medical Complex, and Lady Reading Hospital. Conducted over 14 weeks from April to August 2024, the research involved 187 participants, selected through Stratified random sampling via OpenEpi software. Data were collected using an adopted questionnaire administered by trained staff and analyzed with SPSS software, focusing on foot care practices, awareness, and education. Results: The analysis revealed that most participants were male and middle-aged, with many reporting a history of foot problems, including sores, ulcers, and amputations. Common issues included numbness, pain, and foot ulcers. While participants generally inspected their shoes and avoided walking barefoot, fewer consistently dried between their toes or used moisturizing creams. Education on foot care was limited, but there was a high interest in receiving educational materials. These findings indicate a need for enhanced patient education and preventive practices to address diabetic foot complications. Conclusion: The study underscores a critical need for improved diabetic foot care education and preventive measures among diabetic patients in Peshawar, Pakistan. It highlights the high prevalence of foot problems due to inadequate care, despite some awareness of essential practices. Significant gaps in comprehensive management point to the urgent need for continuous patient education. The strong interest in receiving educational materials presents an opportunity for healthcare providers to empower patients and reduce severe diabetic foot complications, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for diabetic patients.