DefinePK

Abstract

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is among the most urgent public health issues of today. It is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide, taking the lives of more than 3 million people each year, and the incidence of COPD is rising, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In addition to its hallmark and characteristic of progressive airflow obstruction, COPD has long been recognized as involving systemic illness, marked by skeletal muscle impairment, weight loss, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and systemic inflammation. Diabetes Mellitus (DM), especially type 2 DM, is yet another global epidemic, and currently affects more than 500 million people globally, with projections indicating an even sharper increase in incidence in the next two decades.