DefinePK

Abstract

Grapevine production in Baluchistan, Pakistan, is severely affected by the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans. A survey conducted across ten grapevine-growing districts revealed significant regional variations in nematode infestation levels. Panjgur, Quetta, and Kharan recorded the highest female nematode counts and juvenile densities, while Loralai had the lowest infestation. Disease incidence was highest in Nushki (10%), followed by Kech (9%) and Khuzdar (9%), whereas prevalence was maximum in Mastung (72%) and Quetta (67%). Screening of five grapevine varieties showed that Sunda, Khani, and Kings Ruby were highly susceptible to T. semipenetrans, while Sra Kishmish exhibited potential resistance. Evaluation of management strategies revealed that the chemical nematicide Rugby was most effective in suppressing nematode populations, followed by the biocontrol agent Paecilomyces lilacinus. Trichoderma species (T. harzianum and T. viride) and botanical extracts (neem and Aloe vera) provided moderate nematode reduction. The untreated control had the highest nematode number which emphasizing the importance of management practices. These findings highlight the need for integrating resistant varieties, biological control agents, and judicious use of nematicides to develop sustainable nematode management strategies for grapevine production in Baluchistan.