DefinePK

Abstract

The Pashto language, one of the two official languages of Afghanistan and a major linguistic heritage of the Pashtun people, has a rich and ancient history that reflects the cultural and civilizational evolution of its speakers. This study explores the origin, development, and civilization of the Pashto language throughout history. It traces the linguistic roots of Pashto within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family, examining its evolution from early Avestan and Middle Iranian influences to its modern standardized form. The paper also discusses the role of Pashto literature, poetry, and oral traditions in preserving and enriching Pashtun culture and identity. Furthermore, it highlights the contributions of major Pashto writers and scholars, as well as the political and social contexts that shaped the language’s growth across different regions and eras. The study concludes that Pashto is not merely a means of communication but a symbol of a distinct cultural and civilizational identity that has endured for centuries, continuously adapting while maintaining its deep historical and spiritual roots.