DefinePK

Abstract

Pakistan District hospitals are struggling with repetitive issues of overcrowding, unintegrated referral routes, and inadequate capacity to handle patient volumes. In this narrative review, the authors investigate how the incorporation of rehabilitation service and family medicine training in the reduction of referral rate in district hospitals can be achieved. To identify patterns, advantages and challenges, a systematic review of all peer-reviewed articles, policy reports, and global case studies published between 2015-2025 was reviewed. Results indicate that early rehabilitation intervention helps in patient recovery, improves readmission, and minimizes tertiary care referrals whereas family medicine training improves primary care by increasing diagnostic accuracy, continuity of care and patient satisfaction. All these interventions are combined to form a more effective model of healthcare delivery that will be relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and, in particular, to health system strengthening and universal health coverage. Finally, the review concludes that burden on tertiary hospitals can be decreased with the implementation of family medicine residency programs, rehabilitation units and formal referral protocols. These improvements are only possible with policy reforms and investment in workforce training in Pakistan.