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Abstract

This study reconstructs the institutionalization of traditional Islamic education, analyzes its evolution and renewal, and examines the distinctive nature of Islamic educational reform in Surakarta, Indonesia, from 1905 to 1942. Employing historical and sociological methods, the research reveals three pivotal findings. First, the institutionalization of Islamic education was anchored in the Jamsaren boarding school, which maintained an independent yet cooperative relationship with the Kasunanan palace, shaping the historical trajectory of Islamic education. Second, the renewal was driven by the Mambaul Ulum (MU) madrasa (1905), the Surakarta branch of SATV/Muhammadiyah (1918), and the Al-Islam union (1928), producing a modern Muslim elite proficient in religious and secular sciences. Third, the renewal adopted a realistic-integralist approach, modernizing Islamic education to meet contemporary needs through three patterns: pesantren modernization, incorporation of religious subjects into secular schools, and madrasa development. These findings offer nuanced insights into the interplay of tradition and modernization in Surakarta, contributing to the broader discourse on Islamic educational reform in Indonesia.