DefinePK

Abstract

Stored grain pests cause considerable damage by feeding on stored commodities, resulting in significant qualitative and quantitative losses. Although chemical pesticides are widely used for protection, their effectiveness has been compromised by toxic residues in food, a limited range of approved compounds, and the development of resistant pest populations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for safer and more sustainable alternatives. The present study, therefore, evaluated the insecticidal and repellent efficacy of five acetonic plant extracts viz., Ruta chalepensis , Artemisia judaica , Heliotropium bacciferum , Salvadora persica , and Moringa oleifera against the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Dose-response bioassays were conducted to determine adult mortality, LC 50 values, and repellence at various concentrations and exposure durations. An increase in extract concentration led to higher mortality and toxicity, showing clear dose- and time-dependent effects. Among the tested plants, A. judaica and R. chalepensis were the most effective, exhibiting the lowest LC 50 values and strongest repellence. Acetonic extracts of A. judaica , R. chalepensis , and S. persica demonstrated particularly significant insecticidal and repellent activity against R. dominica adults. These findings highlight the potential of plant-derived extracts as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional synthetic pesticides. Their biodegradability, low residue levels, and reduced ecological risks make them promising candidates for incorporation into integrated pest management strategies, particularly in the context of rising insecticide resistance and growing environmental and health concerns associated with chemical control.