DefinePK

Research Objective

To explore the impact of behavioral factors on relapse among drug addicts and the moderating role of psychological factors.

Methodology

A cross-sectional survey research design was employed. The sample consisted of 200 male drug addicts from different addiction centers in Punjab, selected using purposive sampling. Instruments used included the General Health Questionnaire, Patient Depression Questionnaire PHQ-9, Drug Abuse Screening Test-10, Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale, Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve Scale, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, and The Advance Warning of Relapse Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS 26, including alpha reliabilities, correlation matrix, regression analysis, and independent sample t-tests.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD;
    A[Define Research Objective] --> B[Select Research Design: Cross-sectional Survey];
    B --> C[Identify Sample: 200 Male Drug Addicts];
    C --> D[Employ Purposive Sampling];
    D --> E[Administer Questionnaires: GHQ, PHQ-9, DAST-10, PSAS, APGAR, AUDIT, AWARE];
    E --> F[Data Collection];
    F --> G[Data Analysis using SPSS 26];
    G --> H[Compute Alpha Reliabilities];
    G --> I[Generate Correlation Matrix];
    G --> J[Perform Regression Analysis];
    G --> K[Conduct Independent Sample t-tests];
    H --> L[Interpret Results];
    I --> L;
    J --> L;
    K --> L;
    L --> M[Draw Conclusions];                    

Discussion

The study's findings suggest that perceived stigma plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between substance abuse severity and the warning signs of relapse. This aligns with previous research linking self-stigma to poorer self-esteem, which in turn is associated with non-compliance with treatment and increased relapse rates. The brain's information processing circuits are activated when individuals face challenges, motivating them to adopt coping mechanisms to manage stress.

Key Findings

Perceived stigma significantly moderated the relationship between drug and alcohol abuse severity and warning of relapse. The family function also moderated the relationship between drug and alcohol abuse severity and the sign of degeneration. Specifically, perceived stigma was found to significantly moderate the relationship between alcohol and drug abuse severity and warning of relapse.

Conclusion

The study highlights the crucial moderating role of perceived stigma in the relapse process among individuals with substance use disorder. Addressing stigma is likely to be a key factor in improving treatment outcomes and promoting recovery.

Fact Check

- The study was conducted on a sample of 200 male drug addicts from Punjab. (Confirmed)
- The reported annual prevalence of all illegal drug use in Pakistan was 6%. (Confirmed)
- The study utilized the General Health Questionnaire, Patient Depression Questionnaire PHQ-9, Drug Abuse Screening Test-10, Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale, Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve Scale, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, and The Advance Warning of Relapse Questionnaire. (Confirmed)

Mind Map