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Abstract

This research article will examines the Sultan Abdul Hamid II, s attitudes toward Jews during his rule in the late Ottoman Empire Sultan Abdul Hamid II, He ruled from 1876 to 1909, and his rule is viewed differently in the history because of his authoritarian rule and his multifaceted policies toward non-Muslims. The Historians are divided in two group, some historians says the he implemented many restrictions on Jews and it affected the Jewish’s social, economic and cultural life but some historian says that his policies towards Jews were very insignificant and positives and he protected the Jews during the political unrest. The researcher will use primary and secondary sources, this study aims to shed light on the complex dynamics and multifaceted challenges faced by Jews under Abdul Hamid II's rule. This research article explore to provide a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between a prominent ruler and a minority group within his reign. This research article will also seek the flux of Jewish life under the rule of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, focusing on their resilience, cultural contributions, interactions with other communities, and the broader socio-political context of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.