DefinePK

Abstract

The issue of environmental concerns and conflicts has been present throughout human history, from ancient civilizations to the contemporary world. The mainstream environmental movements initially focused on preserving wilderness, wildlife, resource conservation, pollution reduction, and managing population growth. However, these movements mainly gained support from middle and upper-middle-class white communities and struggled to attract the poor and minority communities, who felt that their central concerns were not being addressed. This led to the emergence of the environmental justice movement in various parts of the world, including Sindh, where there is a movement to reclaim water rights on the Indus River. Since Pakistan's creation, numerous water projects have been developed on the river Indus, mainly benefiting the upper riparian Punjab. This paper aimed to describe the history of the environmental justice movement, the history of Sindh-Punjab water dispute which indicates environmental injustice on people of Sindh and anti-dam movement in Sindh. _________________