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Title: قبل از اسلام یہودی خاندانی نظام
Authors: Ghulam Abbas, Maqsood Ur Rehman, Khan Zaman
Journal: Al-Ida’at Arabic Research Journal (ALIDAAT)
Publisher: AL-ASR Research Centre (SMC-Private) Limited
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2024
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Language: Urdu
Keywords: WomenEducationMarriageFamilyJewish SocietyMenFatherMotherChildrenBoysGirlsTalmud and Torah
This article examines the religious and social foundations of family as a primary social structure to Jewish life.The family was the most basic mode of organization of Jewish society.It was also central in legal, economic and personal negotiations, playing an important role in the determination of marriage, education, professional choices and other opportunities.
According to religious routine, Jewish men were imagined to be the head of the household. They were placed in this role by God to lead their wives and children and ensure they led pious lives. In order to do this, men were also supposed to spend most of their time studying the Torah and other religious texts in order to live lawfully. The Torah taught women to be dutiful and obedient to their husbands.
Fathers made the decisions for the family in Judaism. The father was expected choose a daughter's husband, along with the help of a shadkhen, or matchmaker. A father’s duty was not to support his family, but to rule over his wife and children and commanded their respect.Jewish mothers were responsible for a number of tasks.They had work inside and outside of the home.
Children were brought up learning about the values and practices of traditional Jewish society within their homes.However, boys and girls from poor or unstable families often had less time to devote to Judaism.Families struggled to raise their sons to become religiously dutiful and learned men. To achieve this, boys were taught the sacred texts of Judaism. For boys of prosperous backgrounds, instruction came from a tutor, while boys from less in luck families were taught in a communal school (Talmud Torah). After years of study, boys of the family were expected to fulfil their worldly requirements. This meant inheriting a parental business or achieving an advantageous marriage.For daughters, life revolved around learning how to become a good wife and mother and spent much of their time at home, helping their mothers keep the household. Daughters were expected to learn all about wifely duties from their mothers in preparation to be a good wife in the future.
To examine the religious and social foundations of the family as the primary social structure in Jewish life.
The study is an examination of religious and social aspects of the Jewish family system, drawing on religious texts and societal norms.
graph TD;
A[Examination of Religious and Social Foundations] --> B[Analysis of Family as Primary Social Structure];
B --> C[Identification of Roles and Responsibilities within the Family];
C --> D[Conclusion on Family System in Jewish Life];
The article discusses the patriarchal structure of the pre-Islamic Jewish family, where men held authority and religious leadership. It highlights the distinct roles and expectations for men and women within the family unit, emphasizing the importance of religious observance and the transmission of traditions. The influence of social class on educational opportunities for boys is also noted.
The family was the most basic mode of organization in Jewish society, central to legal, economic, and personal negotiations. Jewish men were considered heads of households, responsible for leading their families in pious lives and studying religious texts. Women were taught to be dutiful and obedient to their husbands. Fathers held decision-making power, including choosing spouses for their daughters with the help of matchmakers. Mothers managed household tasks and raised children in traditional Jewish values. Boys received religious education, with access to tutors or communal schools, and were expected to pursue careers or advantageous marriages. Girls focused on learning domestic skills to become good wives and mothers.
The family was a fundamental institution in Jewish society, deeply intertwined with religious practice and social order. The roles and responsibilities within the family were clearly defined by gender and social standing, with a strong emphasis on patriarchal authority and religious education.
- The article is published in Al-Ida'at Arabic Research Journal, Vol.4, Issue 1, 2024: January-March.
- Jewish men were expected to spend most of their time studying the Torah and other religious texts.
- Fathers were expected to choose a daughter's husband, often with the help of a shadkhen (matchmaker).
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