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Title: حياة الشنفرى ومكانته بين الشعراء الصعاليك: دراسة وصفية تحليلية
Authors: Nasir Mahmood, Muhammad Sarwar Khan, Hafiz M. Tahir al-Mustafa
Journal: Al-Ida’at Arabic Research Journal (ALIDAAT)
Publisher: AL-ASR Research Centre (SMC-Private) Limited
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2022
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Language: Arabic
Keywords: BiographyPoetsTrampsSa‘lakahal-ShanfrāDīwān al-ShanfrāBanī-Salmān
Tramps (صعاليك) in literary history of Arabic are a group of Arab opponents who are out of obedience to the chiefs of their tribes. The connotation of this term has evolved so that it denotes a group of poets who were professional in conquest, robbery, and looting. The term “Sa‘lakah” (صعلكة) is a social phenomenon that emerged in pre-Islamic Arab culture as a reaction to some customs and practices of tribal leaders, and it continued for a period of time. In general, the tramps were Arab poets who resisted against the policies of their tribal chiefs and eventually left their tribes and started living in desert and mountain and adopted theft and robbery as an occupation and rebelled against their chiefs. They did not adhere to the commitments of their tribe or its alliances with other tribes. In addition to that, these poets were known as tramps (صعاليك) because of their economical situations, poetical nature, boldness, and bravery. Therefore, the cries of panic, poverty and revolution resonated in their poetry. al-Shanfrā was one of these poets who used to invade his enemies alone and, on his feet, his poetry is full of his invading trips as well as ethical values and based on his unique poetic style and bravery, he was able to secure a high position among his fellow tramps and used to play the role of a leader to them whenever the situations demanded. He was born and raised in Banī-Salmān and after growing up become the enemy of his own tribe and eventually he promised to kill one-hundred individuals of this tribe. This research intends to describe the phenomena of “Sa‘lakah” (صعلكة) and tramps in general and  life of al-Shanfrā and investigate his positions among his fellow poets-cum tramps.
To describe the phenomenon of "Sa`lakah" (tramps) in general and the life of al-Shanfr, and to investigate his position among his fellow poets-cum-tramps.
Descriptive analysis of the phenomenon of "Sa`lakah" and the biography and poetry of al-Shanfr.
graph TD;
A[Define 'Sa`lakah' phenomenon] --> B[Analyze life of al-Shanfr];
B --> C[Examine al-Shanfr's poetry];
C --> D[Assess al-Shanfr's position among Tramps poets];
D --> E[Synthesize findings];
The paper discusses the evolution of the term "Sa`lakah" from a general opposition to tribal chiefs to a specific group of poets engaged in conquest and robbery. It highlights the socio-economic and cultural factors that led to the emergence of this phenomenon in pre-Islamic Arab culture. The discussion emphasizes al-Shanfr's unique position due to his bravery, poetic style, and rebellious nature against his own tribe.
"Sa`lakah" refers to a group of Arab poets who opposed tribal chiefs, left their tribes, and adopted theft and robbery. They were characterized by their economic situations, poetical nature, boldness, and bravery, with their poetry reflecting panic, poverty, and revolution. Al-Shanfr was a prominent figure among these poets, known for his solitary raids, ethical values in his poetry, and leadership qualities.
The study concludes that al-Shanfr was a significant figure within the "Sa`lakah" movement, embodying the characteristics of these poets and holding a distinguished place among them due to his bravery and poetic contributions.
1. The journal is AL-IDA'AT Arabic Research Journal, Vol. 2, Issue 3, published in July-September 2022. (Confirmed)
2. Al-Shanfr was born and raised in Ban-Salmn and became an enemy of his tribe. (Stated in the abstract)
3. The research aims to describe the phenomenon of "Sa`lakah" and al-Shanfr's position among his peers. (Stated in the abstract)
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