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Title: The Judgments against Blasphemy of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in the light of Kitāb ‛l-Shifā
Authors: Muhammad Raza Fraz
Journal: Al-‘Ulum Journal of Islamic Studies (AUJIS)
Publisher: Alkaram International Institute, Bhera
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2023
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Language: English
Keywords: Sīrahjudgment blasphemy Qadī Ayyād Kitā ʽl-Shafā
Qadī Ayyād malkī was a famous scholar of the west. He compiled his famous book under the title of “al-Shafā bit‘arīf-e-huqūq-e-mustafā” for defending the rights of the Prophet (peace be on him). The miracles given to the prophet together with their special characteristics are also explained in a very splendid way. The obligation to believe, to love, to praise, to respect, to honour the Prophet (peace be on him) and obey him and follow his way (sunna) is described logically and beautifully in this book. Qadī Ayyād, in last chapter of al-Shifā, presented different aspects of the legal judgments as for the one who disparages or reviles the Prophet (peace be puon him). This article is about the judgment on those who blaspheme the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in the light of book “al-Shafā bet‘arīf-e-huqūq-e-mustafā”. It explains what is considered a blasphemy when mentioning Prophet (peace be upon him) and ruling against those who harm him, cut him off, blaspheme or curse him. It specifies the punishment and the way to repent on this action. The ruling is also discussed against the person who blaspheme Allah almighty, His Prophets (peace be upon thim), their families and companions to conclude this article.
To analyze the legal judgments against blasphemy of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as presented in the book "al-Shif bit`arf-e-huqq-e-mustaf" by Qadi Ayad.
This article is a textual analysis of the book "al-Shif bit`arf-e-huqq-e-mustaf" by Qadi Ayad, drawing upon the Holy Quran, Hadith, and the consensus of religious scholars to explain the legal judgments concerning blasphemy against Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
graph TD
A[Analysis of Kitab al-Shif] --> B[Identification of Legal Judgments on Blasphemy];
B --> C[Examination of Quranic Verses and Hadith];
C --> D[Consultation of Scholarly Consensus];
D --> E[Formulation of Judgments on Blasphemy];
E --> F[Discussion of Nuances: Intent, Repentance, Non-Muslims];
F --> G[Conclusion on Respect for Prophet Muhammad];
The discussion elaborates on the scriptural basis for the severe punishment of blasphemy, citing Quranic verses and Hadith. It explores the historical context, scholarly interpretations, and differing opinions on aspects like repentance and the classification of blasphemers as apostates. The article also touches upon the Prophet's mercy in specific instances and the importance of discerning intent in alleged blasphemous statements.
The article concludes that blasphemy against Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is a grave offense, and the consensus among scholars is that the prescribed punishment is death. It also discusses nuances regarding intent, repentance, and the treatment of non-Muslims and those who claim prophetic attributes.
Respect for Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is a fundamental tenet of Islam, requiring Muslims to show utmost reverence in words and deeds. Disrespect towards the Prophet is considered a grave sin with severe consequences in this life and the hereafter. The article emphasizes that those who mock or disrespect the Prophet will face retribution, and death is the prescribed punishment according to Islamic law.
1. Quranic Verse 4:115: The article cites this verse stating, "Whoever disobeys the Messenger after guidance has become clear to him, and follows other than the way of the believers, we will turn him over to what he has chosen and make Hellfire a fitting punishment for him." This is a correct citation and interpretation in context.
2. Quranic Verse 33:57: The article quotes, "Verily those who mock Allah and His Messenger (Peace be upon him) Allah has cursed them in this world, and in the Hereafter, and has prepared for them a humiliating torment." This is a correct citation and interpretation.
3. Punishment for Blasphemy: The article consistently states that the consensus among scholars is that the punishment for blasphemy against Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is death. This aligns with a significant body of Islamic jurisprudence.
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