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Abstract

A comparative study of autobiography in Arabic, Urdu, and Hindi literature is a fascinating topic due to the varying cultures, histories, and literary styles among these literatures. In Arabic literature, autobiography is often closely linked to Islamic history and culture, showcasing the lives of religious, scholarly, and literary figures. A prime example is "The Days" by Taha Hussein, which is considered one of the most famous autobiographies in Arabic literature. The literary style in Arabic autobiographies is characterized by eloquence, fluency, and a strong emphasis on language and style. Common themes include personal experiences and lessons learned, as well as historical, social, and political events that have influenced the writer’s life. In Urdu literature, the autobiographies are significantly influenced by Islamic and Hindi cultures, which is reflected in their content. These autobiographies often incorporate elements of poetry, philosophy, and mysticism. The literary style in Urdu autobiographies blends prose and poetry, focusing on linguistic beauty and emotional expression. An example is "Zindagi Nama" by Syed Uddin Mahmood, which exemplifies the rich literary style of Urdu autobiographies. Common themes in Urdu autobiographies include internal conflicts and philosophical reflections, as well as depictions of daily life and traditions. Hindi literature, on the other hand, is marked by its rich cultural and linguistic diversity, which is reflected in autobiographies written in various languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, and others. Hindi autobiographies capture the religious, social, and cultural diversity of India. The literary style in Hindi autobiographies often combines realism with fiction, focusing on storytelling. An example is "My Life’s Story" by Rabindranath Tagore, which reflects the beauty of Hindi literary style. Common themes include personal, social, and political struggles, as well as portrayals of rural and urban life in India.In summary, autobiographies in Arabic, Urdu, and Hindi literatures differ in terms of history, culture, literary style, and common themes. However, they all serve as a means of expressing personal experiences and deep reflections on individuals' lives, reflecting the cultural and linguistic diversity of each literature.