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Title: Cephalometric Differences In Male And Female Characteristics of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness In Various Orthodontic Malocclusions
Authors: Nasira Adnan, Erum Amin, Ramsha Nawaz, Muska Ijaz, Tooba Ishtiaq Shah, Tehreem Janjua
Journal: Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal (PAFMJ)
Publisher: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi.
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2024
Volume: 74
Issue: 2
Language: English
Keywords: Cephalometric dataFacial soft tissue thicknessSkeletal patternsSoft tissue thickness
Objective: To compare the mean facial soft tissue thickness between males and females in different malocclusion groups.
Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan 2020 to Jan 2021.
Methodology: Cephalometric radiographs of 230 patients were used to measure soft tissue thickness at seven landmarks: the glabella, subnasal region, labrale superius, labrale inferius, sulcus labrale superius, labiomentalis, and soft tissue chin.
Results: Of 230 patients, 39% were of Class I, 21% of Class II/1, 26% of Class II/2 and 13% of Class III. The gender ratio was the same in all skeletal classes. The mean age of 230 patients was 18.36±2.29 years. The mean ANB angle and UI were 4.02±3.22 and 25.95±8.86. The mean ANB angle and UI significantly differed between skeletal classes. In contrast, the mean age of patients of different skeletal classes was not significantly different, with a p-value of 0.433. The mean FSTT measured from subnasal area (A-NS), sulcus labrale superius (RR-SLS), labrale superius (J-LS), labrale inferius (I-Li) and chin (Pg-Pg1) was significantly different between skeletal classes (p value <0.001).
Conclusion: The facial soft tissue thickness was thicker in class III. The FST measured through the labrale superius (J-LS) of male patients was thicker than that of female patients in all skeletal class patients.
To compare the mean facial soft tissue thickness between males and females in different malocclusion groups.
Cross-sectional study using cephalometric radiographs of 230 patients. Soft tissue thickness was measured at seven landmarks: glabella, subnasal region, labrale superius, labrale inferius, sulcus labrale superius, labiomentalis, and soft tissue chin. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.00, with independent sample t-tests and ANOVA used for comparisons.
graph TD
A["Obtain Cephalometric Radiographs of 230 Patients"] --> B["Categorize Patients by Malocclusion Class"];
B --> C["Measure Soft Tissue Thickness at 7 Landmarks"];
C --> D["Analyze Data using SPSS"];
D --> E["Compare Mean FSTT between Genders and Skeletal Classes"];
E --> F["Draw Conclusions"];
The study suggests that variations in facial soft tissue thickness among different malocclusions indicate how soft tissues compensate for underlying skeletal structures. Gender is identified as a significant determinant of facial soft tissue thickness, which should be considered in orthodontic treatment planning.
Facial soft tissue thickness was generally thicker in Class III malocclusions. The soft tissue thickness measured at the labrale superius (J-LS) was thicker in male patients than in female patients across all skeletal classes. Class III patients exhibited the greatest soft tissue thickness at the subnasal area, sulcus labiomentalis, and chin.
Facial soft tissue thickness varies across different skeletal classes and genders. Males generally have thicker soft tissues than females, particularly in Class I, II/1, II/2, and III malocclusions, with some exceptions at specific landmarks.
- A total of 230 patients were included in the study.
- The mean age of the patients was 18.36±2.29 years.
- The study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 2020 to January 2021.
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