Outcome of Patients Admitted with Head Injury in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a Tertiary Care Hospital of Rawalpindi

Article Information

Title: Outcome of Patients Admitted with Head Injury in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a Tertiary Care Hospital of Rawalpindi

Authors: Jawad Khan, Aslam Khan, Arshad Naseem, Aamir Farrukh

Journal: Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal (PAFMJ)

HEC Recognition History

Category	From	To
Y	2024-10-01	2025-12-31
Y	2023-07-01	2024-09-30
Y	2021-07-01	2022-06-30
Y	2020-07-01	2021-06-30
Y	1900-01-01	2005-06-30

Publisher: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi.

Country: Pakistan

Year: 2023

Volume: 73

Issue: Supplementary 1

Language: English

DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73iSUPPL-1.3827

Keywords: Intensive Care UnitSocio-demographic factorsGlasgow coma scaleHead injury

Abstract

Objective: To assess the outcome of patients admitted with head injury at an intensive care unit and look for the relationship of various factors with the poor outcome.
Study Design: Cross-sectional Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan. Six months, from Oct 2018 to Apr 2019.
Methodology: Patients presenting with head injury at our hospital and needed Intensive Care Unit admission were included. Fifty-eight patients with head injury were admitted in Intensive Care Unit during the six months study period. Outcome was broadly classified as survivor or non survivors. Various factors were correlated with presence of poor outcome among the patients.
Results: A total of 58 patients were admitted in the intensive care unit with head injury during the study period. Twenty-nine patients (50%) survived and were shifted to the wards or High Dependency Unit while 29(50%) patients died in the criticalcare-unit. Mean age of patients included in the study was 29.63±3.46 years. Low Glasgow-Coma-Scale (GCS) score at the time of presentation and severe Kampala-Trauma-Score (KTS) class was associated with the presence of poor outcome in our sample population.
Conclusion: Head injury has emerged as a common reason for admission in the critical care setting. Mortality of such patients remained high even in the specialized and supportive setting of intensive care unit. Low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at time of presentation and severe Kampala Trauma Score (KTS) class emerged as strong predictors of poor outcome i.e, death in our target population.

Disclaimer: The following sections are produced through an intensive multi-stage analytical pipeline developed by DefinePK, utilizing advanced natural-language processing, domain-specific knowledge models, and automated cross-referencing systems. Despite the rigor and computational effort involved, the generated summary may still contain inaccuracies or incomplete interpretations. Users are strongly advised to verify all critical information against the original paper and its authoritative sources.

Research Objective

To assess the outcome of patients admitted with head injury at an intensive care unit and to identify factors related to poor outcomes.

Methodology

Cross-sectional study conducted at Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from October 2018 to April 2019. Fifty-eight patients aged 18-60 years admitted to the ICU with head injury were included. Data on age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and Kampala Trauma Score (KTS) were collected and correlated with patient outcomes (survivor or non-survivor). SPSS 24.0 was used for data analysis.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD
    A["Patient Admission to ICU with Head Injury"] --> B["Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Check"];
    B -- Included --> C["Data Collection Age, Gender, GCS, KTS"];
    B -- Excluded --> D["End"];
    C --> E["Data Analysis SPSS 24.0"];
    E --> F["Correlation of Factors with Outcome"];
    F --> G["Identify Predictors of Poor Outcome"];
    G --> H["Conclusion"];

Discussion

Head injury is a significant cause of ICU admission with high mortality. The study highlights that low GCS and severe KTS are strong predictors of poor outcomes. The male predominance in the study population is attributed to road traffic accidents and the military setting of the hospital. Penetrating injuries, such as from gunshots, were also noted as a cause of severe head trauma.

Key Findings

Out of 58 patients, 29 (50%) survived and 29 (50%) died. A low GCS score at presentation and a severe KTS class were significantly associated with poor outcomes. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of head injury.

Conclusion

Head injury is a common reason for ICU admission, and mortality remains high. Low GCS score at presentation and severe KTS class are significant predictors of death in patients with head injury.

Fact Check

* 58 patients were admitted to the ICU with head injury during the study period. (Confirmed in Results)
* 50% of the patients survived, and 50% died. (Confirmed in Results)
* The study was conducted over a six-month period from October 2018 to April 2019. (Confirmed in Methodology)

Mind Map

Loading PDF...

Loading Statistics...

DefinePK

Select Collection