Mango seedlings as affected by fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through different inoculation methods

Article Information

Title: Mango seedlings as affected by fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through different inoculation methods

Authors: Rawal Ahmed Qambrani, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli

Journal: Journal of Pure and Applied Agriculture (JPAA)

HEC Recognition History

Category	From	To
Y	2024-10-01	2025-12-31
Y	2023-07-01	2024-09-30
Y	2022-07-01	2023-06-30
Y	2021-07-01	2022-06-30
Y	2020-07-01	2021-06-30

Publisher: Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad (AIOU)

Country: Pakistan

Year: 2022

Volume: 7

Issue: 1

Language: English

Keywords: AnthracnoseColletotrichum gloeosporioidesInoculation methodsMangoSeedlingsPathogenicity

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate mango seedlings as affected by fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through different inoculation methods. Pathogenicity test was conducted under controlled conditions by using different inoculation methods forconfirmation of pathogen, i.e., spraying after rupturing method (M1), spraying method (M2), Injecting method (M3) and Disk method (M4). The data was recorded as plant height, infected number of leaves, numbers and size of lesions after every 15 days of interval 15, 30 and 45 days after inoculation. The maximum disease incidence was recorded in (M1) followed by (M2),(M3) and (M4). Minimum plant height was recorded in (M1) followed by (M2), (M3) and (M4). The maximum number ofnecrotic spots on plants were recorded in (M1) followed by (M2), (M3) and (M4), whereas no necrotic lesions were recordedin control. Initially, in 15 days minimum necrotic lesions were observed, while maximum necrotic lesions were recorded in 30and 45 days. The necrotic spots per plant were recorded in (M1) followed by (M2), (M3) and (M4). However, the maximumnecrotic spots length for different days was recorded in 45 followed by 30 and 15 days. Whereas, the interaction betweenmethods and days represents the maximum length was recorded 45 days in (M1). The interaction between days afterinoculation and methods represents that maximum width of necrotic spots were recorded 45 days in (M1). The total size ofnecrotic spots (length + width) was recorded in (M1) followed by (M2), (M3) and (M4). The maximum size was recorded in45 days. The interaction with total (length + width) size of necrotic spots for days and methods represents that the maximumsize was recorded 45 days in (M1). © 2022 Department of Agricultural Sciences, AIOU

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Research Objective

To evaluate the effect of the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on mango seedlings using different inoculation methods.

Methodology

Pathogenicity tests were conducted under controlled conditions using four inoculation methods: Spraying after rupturing (M1), Spraying (M2), Injecting (M3), and Disk method (M4). Control seedlings were left un-inoculated. The inoculum concentration was standardized to $2.0 \times 10^4$ conidia $\text{mL}^{-1}$. Data (plant height, infected leaves, number and size of lesions) were recorded at 15, 30, and 45 days post-inoculation. Statistical analysis was performed using "Statistix 8.1" software, employing LSD for pairwise comparisons.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD; A[Prepare Inoculum $2.0 \times 10^4$ conidia $\textmL^-1$] --> B[Apply Inoculation Method]; B --> B1[M1: Spray after Rupturing]; B --> B2[M2: Spraying]; B --> B3[M3: Injecting]; B --> B4[M4: Disk Method]; B --> B5[Control: Untreated]; C[Data Collection at 15, 30, 45 Days]; C --> D[Measure Plant Height, Lesion Metrics]; D --> E[Statistical Analysis - LSD]; E --> F[Determine Most Severe Method/Time Interaction]; F --> G[Conclusion on Pathogenicity];

Discussion

The results indicate that the method of inoculation significantly influences the severity of C. gloeosporioides infection on mango seedlings. The spraying after rupturing method (M1) was the most effective in inducing symptoms, likely because it combines physical wounding (rupturing/pinning) with direct spore application, facilitating pathogen entry. The severity of all measured disease parameters increased significantly with time up to 45 days. These findings align with previous studies confirming the pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides on mango.

Key Findings

The spraying after rupturing method (M1) resulted in the maximum disease incidence (28.095%), minimum plant height (62.917 cm), maximum number of necrotic spots (15.333), and maximum total necrotic spot size (8.6856 cm). Disease incidence and lesion metrics increased over time, with the maximum effects observed at 45 days post-inoculation, particularly under method M1. Control plants showed no necrotic lesions.

Conclusion

The inoculation method significantly affects the severity of anthracnose disease in mango seedlings. The spraying after rupturing method (M1) is the most aggressive method, causing the highest disease incidence and greatest physical damage (reduced height, increased lesions) by 45 days post-inoculation.

Fact Check

1. The maximum disease incidence (28.095%) was recorded in the spraying after rupturing method (M1).
2. The minimum plant height recorded across inoculation methods was 62.917 cm (in M1).
3. Data collection intervals were 15, 30, and 45 days after inoculation.

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