DefinePK

Abstract

The study examines trademark infringement through consumer confusion by performing a comparative analysis between China and Pakistan. The main purpose of trademark law is to eliminate consumer confusion therefore it maintains brand uniqueness and competitive equity in the market. This study evaluates the procedure used by Chinese and Pakistani jurisdictions to determine trademark disputes based on consumer confusion standards while analysing their distinctive interpretation approaches. China and Pakistan share the position that consumer confusion stands as a central element in trademark infringement according to the international standards of the TRIPS Agreement but they operate using diverse inspection methods and assessment rules. The Chinese court system relies on statutory analysis through defined judicial procedures but Pakistan uses individual assessment through surveys and expert testimonies for each case. Trademark owners encounter three main difficulties while showing proof of consumer confusion due to judicial flexibility and irregular law enforcement and drawn-out processes. Lawmakers should focus on creating exact legal descriptions as well as standard evaluation protocols and better enforcement tools and the creation of international standards while advocating alternative dispute resolution. The research focused forward should examine digital business effects on consumer confusion combined with studies of nontraditional marks as well as international trademark disputes and consumer survey effectiveness in legal proceedings. The comparison of trademark enforcement methods in these jurisdictions helps strengthen legality in dealing with consumer confusion matters.