DefinePK

Abstract

Islamic dietary law requires the consumption of foodthat is both halal (permissible) and tayyib (pure andwholesome). Due to rising concerns over foodadulteration and mislabeling—especially theaccidental presence of pork or other haramsubstances—analytical methods have been developedto verify halal status. This review highlights keychemical and biochemical techniques, includingPCR, GC-MS, FTIR, and ELISA, outlining theirprinciples, instrumentation, applications, benefits,limitations, and case studies. A comparative tableevaluates each method by specificity, sensitivity,cost, and sample suitability. The review also connectsthese scientific tools with Islamic teachings anddiscusses their implications for consumers,manufacturers, and certification bodies, offering apractical guide to halal food authentication.