DefinePK

Abstract

This mixed-methods study investigates the effectiveness of AI-powered language learning tools in enhancing English proficiency among degree college students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The research involved 200 students who used AI tools such as DeepSeek, Copilot, and Gemini, with pre- and post-intervention assessments conducted to measure their progress. Additionally, 20 English teachers were interviewed, and focus group discussions were held with students from urban and rural colleges. The results showed notable improvements in vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills, especially among students in urban areas with better access to digital resources. However, the study also identified challenges, including limited infrastructure, low digital literacy, and resistance from educators accustomed to traditional methods. Furthermore, teachers expressed concerns about students relying too heavily on AI for tasks that require critical thinking. The study's findings underscore the importance of policy support, localised AI tool development, and teacher training to fully leverage the potential of AI in English language education in Pakistan.