DefinePK

Abstract

As concern for the planet grows, companies worldwide are being urged to behave in ways that protect natural resources; in this push, Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) has been appeared as key for achieving sustainable results. The present work conducts a systematic review of evidence linking key GHRM activities- green recruitment and selection (GRS) and green training and development (GTD) to the three pillars of the triple bottom line- economy, society, and environment the context of SMEs i.e. small and medium enterprises in Pakistan. Based on an AMO theory, review shows that when firms adopt these green HR practices, employees are not only more capable and motivated to work in ecologically friendly manners, but the company itself also reaps stronger sustainability outcomes across all three performance dimensions. The review brings together robust studies showing that green-recruitment schemes pull in eco-savvy job seekers and that goal-targeted development teaches staff practical sustainability skills, with both routes bolstering firms' green performance. Yet it also includes mixed outcomes across papers, hinting that context-industry sector, resource depth, and even local regulations may shape how effective each practice proves. Special attention goes to small and medium enterprises in developing economies, where thin HR teams and tight budgets can stall wider green-human-resource initiatives. Theoretically, the work stretches ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) thinking by applying it to GHRM in emerging markets and links people policies directly to sustainability results. Practically, it urges smaller firms to read green values into hiring, back up recruits with tailored training, and build an everyday culture that celebrates ecological care. Limitations include the heavy use of existing statistics and the narrow lens fixed on just two GHRM tools. Future projects are invited to run long-term panels, craft sector-specific frameworks, and test how leadership style or public policy mediates effects. Together, the findings lay the groundwork for green HR strategies that allow growth while honoring ecological and social duties in the SME arena.